This is an observational case-control study to train and validate a genome-wide methylome
enrichment platform to detect multiple cancer types and to differentiate amongst cancer
types. The cancers included in this study are brain, breast, bladder, cervical, colorectal,
endometrial, esophageal, gastric, head and neck, hepatobiliary, leukemia, lung, lymphoma,
multiple myeloma, ovarian, pancreatic, prostate, renal, sarcoma, and thyroid. These cancers
were selected based on their prevalence and mortality to maximize impact on clinical care.

Additionally, the ability of the whole-genome methylome enrichment platform to detect minimal
residual disease after completion of cancer treatment and to detect relapse prior to clinical
presentation will be evaluated in four cancer types (breast, colorectal, lung, prostate).
These cancers were selected based on the existing clinical landscape and treatment
availability.

This phase III trial studies how well inguinal lymph node dissection (ILND) surgery alone or after chemotherapy with or without intensity-modulated radiation therapy works in treating patients with penile cancer that has spread to other places in the body. Surgery is used to remove the lymph nodes and may be able to cure the cancer. Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as paclitaxel, ifosfamide, and cisplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy uses high-energy x-rays to kill tumor cells and shrink tumors. It is not known whether having surgery after chemotherapy with or without radiation therapy is better than having surgery alone.