• M.D., Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, Maryland (1990)
• B.S., University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland (1985)

Postgraduate Training

• Fellowship, Vanderbilt University Medical Center (2002)
• Residency, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (1998)
• Internship, Malcolm Grow USAF Medical Center (1991)