Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

Gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) is a group of rare diseases in which abnormal trophoblast cells grow inside the uterus after conception.
Hydatidiform mole (HM) is the most common type of GTD.
Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD) that is almost always malignant.
- Invasive moles
- Choriocarcinomas
- Placental-site trophoblastic tumors
- Epithelioid trophoblastic tumors
Age and a previous molar pregnancy affect the risk of GTD.
Signs of GTD include abnormal vaginal bleeding and a uterus that is larger than normal.
Tests that examine the uterus are used to detect (find) and diagnose gestational trophoblastic disease.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Extragonadal germ cell tumors form from developing sperm or egg cells that travel from the gonads to other parts of the body.
Age and gender can affect the risk of extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Signs and symptoms of extragonadal germ cell tumors include breathing problems and chest pain.
Imaging and blood tests are used to diagnose extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Gallbladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the gallbladder.
Being female can increase the risk of developing gallbladder cancer.
Signs and symptoms of gallbladder cancer include jaundice, fever, and pain.
Gallbladder cancer is difficult to detect (find) and diagnose early.
Tests that examine the gallbladder and nearby organs are used to detect (find), diagnose, and stage gallbladder cancer.
Certain factors affect the prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Ewing sarcoma is a type of tumor that forms in bone or soft tissue.
Undifferentiated round cell sarcoma may also occur in the bone or soft tissue.
Signs and symptoms of Ewing sarcoma include swelling and pain near the tumor.
Tests that examine the bone and soft tissue are used to diagnose and stage Ewing sarcoma.
A biopsy is done to diagnose Ewing sarcoma.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).

Esophageal cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the esophagus.
Smoking, heavy alcohol use, and Barrett esophagus can increase the risk of esophageal cancer.
Signs and symptoms of esophageal cancer are weight loss and painful or difficult swallowing.
Tests that examine the esophagus are used to diagnose esophageal cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Endometrial cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the endometrium.
Obesity and having metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Taking tamoxifen for breast cancer or taking estrogen alone (without progesterone) can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer include unusual vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis.
Tests that examine the endometrium are used to diagnose endometrial cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Colon cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the colon.
Health history affects the risk of developing colon cancer.
Signs of colon cancer include blood in the stool or a change in bowel habits.
Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to diagnose colon cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the cervix.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer.
There are usually no signs or symptoms of early cervical cancer but it can be detected early with regular check-ups.
Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain.
Tests that examine the cervix are used to diagnose cervical cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known.
Sometimes the primary cancer is never found.
The signs and symptoms of CUP are different, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body.
Because the place where the cancer started is not known, many tests and procedures may be done to search for the primary cancer.
If tests show there may be cancer, a biopsy is done.
When the type of cancer cells or tissue removed is different from the type of cancer cells expected to be found, a diagnosis of CUP may be made.
Tests and procedures used to find the primary cancer depend on where the cancer has spread.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).

A gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor is cancer that forms in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Health history can affect the risk of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Some gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors have no signs or symptoms in the early stages.
Carcinoid syndrome may occur if the tumor spreads to the liver or other parts of the body.
Imaging studies and tests that examine the blood and urine are used to diagnose gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.