Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center

Endometrial cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the endometrium.
Obesity and having metabolic syndrome may increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Taking tamoxifen for breast cancer or taking estrogen alone (without progesterone) can increase the risk of endometrial cancer.
Signs and symptoms of endometrial cancer include unusual vaginal bleeding or pain in the pelvis.
Tests that examine the endometrium are used to diagnose endometrial cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Colon cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the colon.
Health history affects the risk of developing colon cancer.
Signs of colon cancer include blood in the stool or a change in bowel habits.
Tests that examine the colon and rectum are used to diagnose colon cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Cervical cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the cervix.
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the major risk factor for cervical cancer.
There are usually no signs or symptoms of early cervical cancer but it can be detected early with regular check-ups.
Signs and symptoms of cervical cancer include vaginal bleeding and pelvic pain.
Tests that examine the cervix are used to diagnose cervical cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells are found in the body but the place the cancer began is not known.
Sometimes the primary cancer is never found.
The signs and symptoms of CUP are different, depending on where the cancer has spread in the body.
Because the place where the cancer started is not known, many tests and procedures may be done to search for the primary cancer.
If tests show there may be cancer, a biopsy is done.
When the type of cancer cells or tissue removed is different from the type of cancer cells expected to be found, a diagnosis of CUP may be made.
Tests and procedures used to find the primary cancer depend on where the cancer has spread.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery).

A gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor is cancer that forms in the lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
Health history can affect the risk of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Some gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors have no signs or symptoms in the early stages.
Carcinoid syndrome may occur if the tumor spreads to the liver or other parts of the body.
Imaging studies and tests that examine the blood and urine are used to diagnose gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Breast cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the breast.
A family history of breast cancer and other factors increase the risk of breast cancer.
Breast cancer is sometimes caused by inherited gene mutations (changes).
The use of certain medicines and other factors decrease the risk of breast cancer.
Signs of breast cancer include a lump or change in the breast.
Tests that examine the breasts are used to diagnose breast cancer.
If cancer is found, tests are done to study the cancer cells.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Bladder cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the bladder.
Smoking can affect the risk of bladder cancer.
Signs and symptoms of bladder cancer include blood in the urine and pain during urination.
Tests that examine the urine and bladder are used to diagnose bladder cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Bile duct cancer is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the bile ducts.
Having colitis or certain liver diseases can increase the risk of bile duct cancer.
Signs of bile duct cancer include jaundice and pain in the abdomen.
Tests that examine the bile ducts and nearby organs are used to diagnose and stage bile duct cancer.
Different procedures may be used to obtain a sample of tissue and diagnose bile duct cancer.
Certain factors affect prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Anal cancer is a type of cancer that forms in the tissues of the anus.
Most anal cancers are related to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection.
Signs of anal cancer include bleeding from the anus or rectum or a lump near the anus.
Tests that examine the rectum and anus are used to diagnose anal cancer.
After anal cancer has been diagnosed, tests are done to find out if cancer cells have spread within the anus or to other parts of the body.
Some people decide to get a second opinion.
Certain factors affect the prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.

Adrenocortical carcinoma is a rare disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the outer layer of the adrenal gland.
Having certain genetic conditions increases the risk of adrenocortical carcinoma.
Symptoms of adrenocortical carcinoma include pain in the abdomen.
Imaging studies and tests that examine the blood and urine are used to diagnose adrenocortical carcinoma.
Certain factors affect the prognosis (chance of recovery) and treatment options.